When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system.

当你大脑感受到压力时，它会激活你自主神经统。

He wrote the first textbook about the diseases connected to the autonomic nervous system.

他写了第一本关于自主神经统相关教科书。

And that is basically your autonomic nervous system in a nutshell.

简而言之，这就像是你自主神经统。

For now, you learned the basic two-part system of your autonomic nervous system.

现在，你学习了自主神经统基本两部分统。

One of the two divisions of your autonomic nervous system is called the sympathetic system.

你自主神经统两个部分之一叫做交感神经统。

Then from your amygdala the information moves to your hypothalamus which communicates with your autonomic nervous system and adrenal glands.

然后，信息从你杏仁核转移到你下丘脑，下丘脑与你自主神经统和肾上腺交流。

This involuntary sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and keeps the urethra closed when the bladder isn't full.

这一非随意括约肌由自主神经统控制，能够在膀胱非充盈时道关闭。

Toxic metabolites also affect the autonomic nervous system regulating gastrointestinal motility, and this can causes abdominal pain, constipation, and vomiting.

毒性代谢产物也可以影响调节胃肠蠕动自主神经统，可以导致腹痛、便秘和呕吐。

Unlike the skeletal muscles, the body's cardiac and smooth muscles are managed by the autonomic nervous system beyond our direct control.

与骨骼肌不同，身体心肌和平滑肌是由自动神经统控制，而非听从我们直接控制。

But if you were to somehow disconnect your heart from your autonomic nervous system, things, as you might imagine, would change.

但是如果你以某种方式切断了心脏和自主神经统连接，你可以想象事情会发生改变。

Taking a look at a cross section chunk, there's also a layer of smooth muscle which has nerves of the autonomic nervous system in it.

来看一下这个横断面，这一层还有平滑肌，里面含有属于自主神经统神经。

When your brain's having to work harder, your autonomic nervous system drives your pupil to dilate.

当您大脑不得不更加努力地工作时，您自主神经统会驱使您瞳孔放大。

The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system and it helps mediate your automatic functions like breathing, heart rate, sweating, and digestion.

交感神经统是自主神经统一部分，它有助于调节你自动功能，如呼吸、心率、出汗和消化。

Normally, though, the heart rate is changed for short periods by the autonomic nervous system.

但是，正常情况下，自主神经统会在短时间内改变心率。

We remember that the autonomic nervous system is the division of the nervous system that's under involuntary control.

我们记得，自主神经统是非自愿控制神经统分支。

This happens thanks to the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

这要归功于自主神经统副交感神经分支。

Let's start with the autonomic nervous system.

让我们从自主神经统开始。

The Autonomic nervous system. The Autonomic system deals with the visceral organs, like the heart, stomach, gland, and the intestines.

自主神经统；自主神经统负责心脏、胃、腺体和肠道等内脏器官。

Plaques can also involve the autonomic nervous system which can lead to bowel and bladder symptoms like constipation and urinary incontinence, as well as sexual symptoms like sexual dysfunction.

硬化斑也会影响自主神经统，导致肠道与膀胱症状（便秘和失禁）和性功能障碍。

So there is compelling evidence that metabolic adaptation takes place and that it is driven by changes in the autonomic nervous system.

所以有强有力证据表明，代谢适应确实会发生，并且它是由自主神经统变化驱动。